New Welding Technologies

Introduction

Welding technology is a process of fabrication wherein materials (thermoplastics and metals) are joined together. The materials to be joined are called workpieces. These workpieces will then be melted at the joining point. Afterward, a filler material is added to the joining points to form the weld pool. This weld pool then solidifies forming a sturdy joint between the two workpieces.

Laser welding is used for processes that require high welding speed, low thermal distortion, and small weld seams. The laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Thus, laser welding is actually a non-contact process. The laser serves as a source of concentrated energy which allows the material to heat faster. There are three types of welds that can be achieved through laser welding. These are conduction, conduction-penetration, and keyhole.

Laser welding works well in high alloy metals and can be used in open-air conditions. Unlike other methods, it does not require filler metals and is extremely accurate.

Friction stir welding is a process invented in Cambridge. It works through a rotating tool that presses into the materials’ joint and traverses along the weld path. The materials are welded through frictional heat generated by the rotating shoulder of the machine. The shoulder also contains the softened material which, in the process, becomes a solid phase weld.

Just like laser welding, it does not require filler materials and is used in joining components made of aluminum and other alloys. When components are restrained properly, friction stir welding results in a high quality and solid weld.