Biometrics are mostly used for identifying and authenticating individuals through unique biological characteristics.

Biometrics allows the person to be identified through unique and specific data.

Biometric authentication:

       In biometric authentication the characteristics of a particular person are stored first and it compares the data of a particular person to determine. Eg: The gender of the person and physical characteristics.

Biometric identification:

Biometric identification is to determine the unique identity of a person.

       ●First to capture the biometric data of a particular person. It may be a photo, voice or image of a particular person.

       ●Then the data will be compared to the biometric data that has been kept in the database.

Biometric trends:

        The trends of biometric are, it has been faced many document fraud and identity theft, terrorism and in cybercrime, and it is also used in international regulation changes. Biometric systems are easier to install because of its rich offer, IP cameras, low price of sensors and massive public acceptance.

Biometric identifiers:

There are two types of identifiers:

        ●Physiological measurements

        ●Behavioral measurements

Physiological measurements:

It can be morphological and biological.

●Morphological identifiers consist of fingerprints, hand’s shape, iris and retina of the eye, face’s shape.

●Biological consists of DNA, blood, saliva or urine for police forensics.

Behavioral measurements:

      The common behavioral measurements are voice recognition, signature dynamics, gestures, etc.

Use cases of biometric technologies:

1.Law enforcement and public security:

      It includes criminal ID solutions such as Automated fingerprint. It also stores fingerprint images.

2.Military:

     It has been collecting faces, irises, fingerprints, and DNA. The in charge of this biometrics is Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency.

3.Border control, travel, and migration:

      Biometric authentication is done by comparing the fingerprints seen in the passport microcontroller.

4.Healthcare and subsidies:

      It is used to confirm the beater’s identity of the card so that he or she may access government services or healthcare.

5.Civil identity and population registration:

     It reduces corruption, cost of delivery of public services, and Go-betweens.

6.Voter registration:

     It is also used in voter registration; malpractices can be detected.

7.Commercial application:

With the help of biometrics banks, fintech organizations, and telecom operators make customer mandatory KYC checks (know your customer) faster.

Why multimodal biometrics?

     Well-known techniques include fingerprints, face recognition, iris, palm, and DNA- based recognition.

     Multimodal biometrics combine sources to increase security and accuracy. It requires two biometric for identification, such as face and fingerprints, instead of one.

Advantages of biometrics:

●Unique, it is possible to differentiate one individual from another.

●It is permanent and it cannot be changed.

●It is recorded.

●Measured, allowed for future comparison.

●Forgery-proof (a face, a fingerprint).

Disadvantages of biometrics:

●A specific system may work for women but not for men and it may work for young people but not for older people and it may also work on lighter skin rather than darker skin.

●Difficulties on facial recognition is when the person dyes or cuts their hair, changes the line of their eyebrows or grows a beard.

●A verification photo taken in a low quality model of camera can increase the error.

●The risk of error also depends on the environment and conditions of the application. Eg: light may differ from one place to another, nature of background noise, and person’s position may have changed.

Is biometrics reliable:

●The machine that fails to recognize a biometric data of a particular person is called “false rejections”.

●Recognition of two biometrics data that are not from the same person is called “false acceptance”.

Other biometrics devices:

Tokens and biometric cards:

      Fingerprint scanners into smart cards is another way of delivering a safe and convenient way to authenticate people. This card support access, physical or online identity verification services. As the user’s data is stored on the card, if the card was lost or stolen, the holder’s fingerprint could not be replicated.

Conclusion:

       In conclusion, biometric technology is on the rise and you need to know the information associated with them before implementing. You should be aware of the risks with the technology and you should not purchase the poorer quality technology. When you find a suitable system, make sure you follow steps to improve your cyber security. If the system is being implemented in a huge company, it will be helpful in employees privacy concerns.

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